Forensic toxicology represents a crucial role in criminal investigations. These skilled professionals examine bodily fluids and tissues to uncover the presence of harmful substances. Their expertise may help pinpoint the cause of death, provide insight potential foul play, and ultimately support law enforcement in bringing to justice complex cases.

Before modern classification systems, scientists attempted to organize the known elements. One early attempt was made by Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner, a German chemist who observed a striking pattern among certain groups of compounds. He proposed that three elements with similar properties could be grouped together as these sets, forming the basis f